战舰世界前瞻 美系海军战列舰全线简介

　美国海军战列舰并不像我们想象中的笨拙。

美国工程师致力于将装甲覆盖于最重要的部位。

这一方法让美国战列舰出奇地灵活，足以紧跟着同盟国的巡洋舰，航空母舰甚至是一些驱逐舰。

　　IIIMichigan　　USSMichiganandhersistershipUSSSouthCarolinawerethefirstdreadnoughtsoftheUSfleet.Eight12in(305mm)artillerygunsonMichiganweredividedbetweenfourturrets:twoforeandtwoaft.Theturretswereplacedinasuperfiringarrangementwhereoneturretwasmountedslightlybehindandabovetheother—quiteaninnovationforthosetimes.　　UnlikeherJapanesecounterpartKawachi,shecoulduseallhergunstofireafullbroadside.Astohermaximalspeed,itleftmuchtobedesired:shewouldnotgofasterthan18knots.　　IVArkansas　　USSArkansascarriesgunsofthesamecaliberasherpredecessor,butherfirepowerissignificantlyincreased.Theshiphastwelvegunsinstalledinsixturrets.Thelayoutoftheturretsisquiteunique:twoofthemaremountedforward,twoaft,andtwoamidships.Asaresult,bowgunsandaftergunscanfirestraightandsideways,whilecentralturretscanonlyfiresideways.TheshiphasthesamelevelofarmorasherpredecessorMichigan,howeverherspeedisincreasedto21knots.　　VNewYork　　Thefirstsuper-dreadnoughtoftheUSNavy.Shecarriednewmorepowerfulandlong-rangegunswithacaliberof14in(356mm).Engineershadtogiveuponeofthegunmountstonotexceedthedesigneddisplacement.Theshipisarmedwithtengunsinstalledinfiveturrets.　　Otherthanthat,NewYorkisverysimilartoherTechTreepredecessor;eventhespeedremainedthesame—21knots.　　VINewMexico　　Thefirst“standard”battleshipoftheTechTreearmoredaccordingtothe“allornothing”concept.Theship’scitadeliscoveredwitha13.5in(343mm)armorbeltthatcanwithstandlarge-caliberhits.Antiaircraftarmamentsalsomovedtoanewlevel—USSNewMexicocarriespowerful5in(127mm)antiaircraftcannons.　　Unfortunately,alltheseimprovementscomeatapriceofverylowmaneuverability.Thesamespeedof21knotsalsoleavesmuchtobedesired.　　VIIColorado　　AnewbattleshipandanewstageofUSnavalartillerydevelopment.USSColoradoboastseightsuperpowerful16in(406mm)guns.Thebattleshipinheritedmostofherpredecessor’sadvantagesandimproveduponthem.Shehasequallypowerfularmorabletowithstandlarge-caliberhits.Abatteryof5in(127mm)antiaircraftcannonsmakesColoradoaformidableadversarytoaircraftcarriers.　　VIIINorthCarolina　　ThisbattleshiphasalittlelessarmorcomparedtoColorado,butshegainedmaneuverabilitymaneuverabilityinstead.Theincreasedspeedof27knotsallowsUSSNorthCarolinatoactinatacticalformationwithaircraftcarriersandcruisers,andbemorefastandagileinabattle.Powerfulauxiliaryarmamentisoneofthisship’sstrengths.Shecarriesabatteryof5in(127mm)dual-purposegunsthatareperfecttofightofflightshipsandenemyaviation.　　IXIowa　　EngineeringsolutionsusedinUSSNorthCarolinawerefurtherelaboratedinUSSIowa.Iowaisapowerfulandhigh-speedbattleshipcapableoffightinginmobiletaskforcestogetherwithaircraftcarriersandcruisers.Theshipmanagedtomaintainthesameexcellentspeedandincreaseherdefenceandarmor。

　　XMontana　　ThisbattleshipcouldhavematchedthelegendaryYamato,iftheprojecthadn’tremainedonpaper.Therelativelylowspeedof27knotsiscompensatedbyincreasedarmoringandexcellentarmament.WhileherpredecessorIowahasonlythreeturrets,Montanacarriestwelve16in(406mm)gunsinfourtripleturrets.Formerdual-purposeartillerygunswerereplacedwithmorepowerfulandelaborateguns.。